Magazines

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magazines

are publications, usually periodical publications, that are printed or published electronically. (The online versions are called online magazines.) They are generally published on a regular schedule and contain a variety of content. They are generally financed by advertising, by a purchase price, by prepaid subscriptions, or a combination of the three.[1] At its root, the word “magazine” refers to a collection or storage location. In the case of written publication, it is a collection of written articles. (This explains why magazine publications share the word root with gunpowder magazines, artillery magazines, firearms magazines, and (in various languages although not English) retail stores such as department stores

History

The earliest example of magazines was Erbauliche Monaths Unterredungen which was launched in 1663 in Germany.[4] It was a literary and philosophy magazine.[4] The Gentleman’s Magazine, first published in 1731, in London, is considered to have been the first general-interest magazine. Edward Cave, who edited The Gentleman’s Magazine under the pen name “Sylvanus Urban”, was the first to use the term “magazine,” on the analogy of a military storehouse of varied materiel, ultimately derived from the Arabic: مخازن‎ makhazin (“storehouses”) by way of the French language.[5] Wordsmith offers this origin: “Plural of Arabic: مخزن‎ makhzan: storehouse, used figuratively as “storehouse of information” for books, and later to periodicals).”[6]

The oldest consumer magazine still in print is The Scots Magazine, which was first published in 1739, though multiple changes in ownership and gaps in publication totaling over 90 years weaken that claim. Lloyd’s List was founded in Edward Lloyd’s England coffee shop in 1734; it is still published as a daily business newspaper.

In 2011, 152 magazines ceased operations and in 2012, 82 magazines were closed down.[7]

According to statistics from the end of 2013, subscription levels for 22 of the top 25 magazines declined from 2012 to 2013, with just Time, Glamour and ESPN The Magazine gaining numbers.[8]